Biotechnology And Its Applications Research Notes

Biotechnology and its Applications – Research Notes Topic: Bioremediation Description The world of today is fuelled by fossil fuels. Petroleum products like oil are used for generating electricity, generating light and heat, manufacturing, and vehicle fuels, among numerous other uses. Much of these fuels are extracted from below the Earth’s surface using machinery and technology, some of which may be decades old – but as technology has proven itself to be unreliable at times, accidents such as oil spills are inevitable. Oil spills have devastating detrimental effects, both towards humans and other animals, as well as the environment. For example, drinking water may be polluted and marine life killed, consequently lowering the quality of life in affected areas. As the quality of the environment is inextricably linked to the quality of life on Earth, it is essential to properly clean up incidents such as oil spills to protect the quality of the environment and therefore the quality of life. Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms as a waste management system to neutralize or remove contaminants from polluted sites, such as the areas around oil spills. This method of treatment uses microbes that occur naturally, including some forms of prokaryotes, like bacteria, to break down hazardous substances – which may have detrimental health effects – into non-toxic or less toxic material. 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